اجزای سازه ای یک ورزشگاه
یک ورزشگاه از فونداسیون، سازه اصلی و سکوها، سقف ورزشگاه تشکیل شده است. آنچه سازه ورزشگاه را از سایر سازه های مجزا می سازد عدم استفاده اجباری از ستون های سقف در بخش های داخلی می باشد که ابتکار و خلاقیت مهندسین محاسب را می طلبد.
انواع سقف ورزشگاه ها:
- Goal Post structures;
- Best suited for rectangular Stadia
- Cheap
- Needs regular Maintenance
- Cantilever Structure;
- Useful for continuous bowl-shaped structures and isolated stands
- Unobstructed view
- Can appear tall and intimidating from the outside
- Space Frame Structure;
- Can create dramatic shapes
- Capable of spanning large distances
- Expensive
- Tension Structure;
- Carries tension forces through cables and covered with fabric
- Festive and light in appearance
- Requires sophisticated design
بارهای وارد بر اجزای ورزشگاه ها
- Dead Loads: Dead loads consist of the weight of all material and fixed equipments incorporated into the building.
-unit weight of concrete = 150 pcf
– 9 ” thick brick wall weight = 100 pcf
– 4 “.5 thick brick wall weight = 55 pcf
– superimposed dead load for finishing = 25 psf
-weight of aluminium and glass wall = 20 psf
-weight of lift = 3 tons - Live loads: Live loads shall be the maximum loads
expected by the intended use or occupancy. They may be
fully or partially in place or not present at all.-live load of handrail and guards = 50 psf
-live load on public area = 100 psf
-live load on office area = 50 psf
-live load on stores = 100 psf
-live load on lobbies and similar areas= 100 psf
-live load on stair case = 100 psf
-live load on landing = 100 psf
-live load on stages and platforms = 125 psf
-live load on lift = 100 psf
-live load on roof = 5 psf - Impact Load: Grandstands, stadiums, and similar assembly structures may be subjected to loads caused by crowds swaying in unison, jumping to its feet, or Designers are cautioned that the possibility of such loads should be considered.
-impact dead load on inclined auditorium = 60 psf
-impact live load on inclined auditorium = 90 psf - Wind Load: The determination of wind design force on a
structure is basically a dynamic problem because a building
will be continually affected by gusts and other aerodynamic - Earthquake Load: Nowadays, the structures are designed
to resist in an earthquake according to lateral force design.
Effects on earthquakes on structures are as follows:
Seismic importance factor, I
Seismic zone factor, Z
Soil profile types, S
Seismic source type
Near – source factors, Na and Nv
Seismic response coefficients, Ca and Cv
Response Modification Factor, R - مدلسازی در نرم افزار
